Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is the integrated management of core processes needed to run a company - finance, HR, manufacturing, supply chain, services, procurement, etc. These modules are integrated into a single system with a consistent look and feel, sharing a database that works across the enitre organization.
ERP can be cloud-based, on-premises, or a hybrid of the two approaches.
Find out more: here is a blog about ERP failures that suggests some pitfalls that should be avoided.